What each platform gives you
Last verified . Corrections are dated and listed at the bottom.
Several platforms now ship something called a durable agent, or durable execution for agents. Knowing what each provides is useful for architecture decisions. The patterns underneath do not depend on the platform.
Read the table with one question in mind: which of the five properties does this give me, and which am I still building?
How to read the table. Provides means the platform guarantees the property without application code. Primitives means it gives you the building blocks and you assemble the guarantee. Nothing on this page is scored on marketing. Rows are checked against current documentation and dated.
The short version
A durable execution engine provides Recoverable and Resumable, and provides them properly; that is what the category exists to do. Every engine ships primitives for Coordinated. Replaceable is an architectural choice available on any of them and guaranteed by none. Auditable is not on offer anywhere: engines record what ran, and a decision record is something you design.
| Platform | Kind | Provides | Primitives | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temporal | Durable execution engine | Recoverable, Resumable | Coordinated | Multi-language. Full event history. Ships integrations for other agent frameworks rather than a framework of its own. |
| Restate | Durable execution engine | Recoverable, Resumable | Coordinated | Publishes a durable-agents pattern. Exactly-once side effects. |
| DBOS | Durable execution, library and platform | Recoverable, Resumable | Coordinated | Four languages. Postgres-backed durable queues. |
| Inngest | Durable functions, event-driven | Recoverable, Resumable | Coordinated | Steps are memoized and state is held outside the execution context. A wait listens only from the point execution starts. |
| Dapr Workflows / Dapr Agents | CNCF runtime with durable workflow | Recoverable, Resumable | Coordinated | Kubernetes-native. Agents run on the workflow engine, which persists every model and tool interaction. |
| AWS Step Functions | Cloud-native state machine | Recoverable, Resumable | Coordinated | Integrates with AWS services. Standard workflows run up to a year. Callback pattern for human approval. |
| Amazon Bedrock AgentCore | Cloud-native agent platform | — | Recoverable; Resumable; Coordinated | Managed runtime and session isolation, not durable execution. State is lost when compute terminates unless session storage is configured. The application owns recovery. |
| Azure Durable Functions / Microsoft Agent Framework | Cloud-native; ships a durable agent type | Recoverable, Resumable | Coordinated | The most direct use of the term by a hyperscaler. Delivered as a Durable Task extension that wraps a standard agent. In preview. |
| Cloudflare Workflows | Cloud-native durable execution | Recoverable, Resumable | Coordinated | Sleep and wait-for-event primitives. State persists minutes to weeks. |
| Vercel Workflows | Cloud-native durable execution | Recoverable, Resumable | Coordinated | Built on the open-source Workflow Development Kit. Deterministic replay across deployments. The SDK is on a beta line. |
| Orkes / Conductor | Orchestration platform | Recoverable, Resumable | Coordinated | Conductor is the open-source project; Orkes is the managed platform. Human approval gates and wait timers are native operators. |
| Mastra | Agent framework with a durable agents feature | Resumable | Recoverable; Coordinated | Recoverable depends on the configured store: a running workflow is checkpointed only with crash recovery enabled. The feature is beta. |
| Convex | Backend with a durable agents component | Resumable | Recoverable; Coordinated | Within the Convex runtime. The component is in early development and its own documentation says it is not recommended for production. |
| Pydantic AI | Agent framework with durable-execution integrations | — | Recoverable and Resumable, via the wrapped engine | Delegates durability to an engine. Seven integrations at the date above. Its own documentation separates durability from storage. |
| LangGraph / LangSmith Deployment | Agent framework with checkpointing | — | Resumable | LangChain now uses the term and ships durability modes. It is checkpoint-based: you configure the store, and something outside the run has to re-invoke the thread. Adequate for simpler cases. LangGraph Platform was renamed LangSmith Deployment in October 2025. |
| CrewAI | Multi-agent framework | — | Coordinated, by choreography; Resumable, by flow persistence | Flows persist state and reload it on restart. That is state persistence, not durable execution: no replay engine, no exactly-once side effects. A design choice, not a weakness. |
- Temporal
Durable execution engine
- Provides
- Recoverable, Resumable
- Primitives
- Coordinated
- Notes
- Multi-language. Full event history. Ships integrations for other agent frameworks rather than a framework of its own.
- Restate
Durable execution engine
- Provides
- Recoverable, Resumable
- Primitives
- Coordinated
- Notes
- Publishes a durable-agents pattern. Exactly-once side effects.
- DBOS
Durable execution, library and platform
- Provides
- Recoverable, Resumable
- Primitives
- Coordinated
- Notes
- Four languages. Postgres-backed durable queues.
- Inngest
Durable functions, event-driven
- Provides
- Recoverable, Resumable
- Primitives
- Coordinated
- Notes
- Steps are memoized and state is held outside the execution context. A wait listens only from the point execution starts.
- Dapr Workflows / Dapr Agents
CNCF runtime with durable workflow
- Provides
- Recoverable, Resumable
- Primitives
- Coordinated
- Notes
- Kubernetes-native. Agents run on the workflow engine, which persists every model and tool interaction.
- AWS Step Functions
Cloud-native state machine
- Provides
- Recoverable, Resumable
- Primitives
- Coordinated
- Notes
- Integrates with AWS services. Standard workflows run up to a year. Callback pattern for human approval.
- Amazon Bedrock AgentCore
Cloud-native agent platform
- Provides
- —
- Primitives
- Recoverable; Resumable; Coordinated
- Notes
- Managed runtime and session isolation, not durable execution. State is lost when compute terminates unless session storage is configured. The application owns recovery.
- Azure Durable Functions / Microsoft Agent Framework
Cloud-native; ships a durable agent type
- Provides
- Recoverable, Resumable
- Primitives
- Coordinated
- Notes
- The most direct use of the term by a hyperscaler. Delivered as a Durable Task extension that wraps a standard agent. In preview.
- Cloudflare Workflows
Cloud-native durable execution
- Provides
- Recoverable, Resumable
- Primitives
- Coordinated
- Notes
- Sleep and wait-for-event primitives. State persists minutes to weeks.
- Vercel Workflows
Cloud-native durable execution
- Provides
- Recoverable, Resumable
- Primitives
- Coordinated
- Notes
- Built on the open-source Workflow Development Kit. Deterministic replay across deployments. The SDK is on a beta line.
- Orkes / Conductor
Orchestration platform
- Provides
- Recoverable, Resumable
- Primitives
- Coordinated
- Notes
- Conductor is the open-source project; Orkes is the managed platform. Human approval gates and wait timers are native operators.
- Mastra
Agent framework with a durable agents feature
- Provides
- Resumable
- Primitives
- Recoverable; Coordinated
- Notes
- Recoverable depends on the configured store: a running workflow is checkpointed only with crash recovery enabled. The feature is beta.
- Convex
Backend with a durable agents component
- Provides
- Resumable
- Primitives
- Recoverable; Coordinated
- Notes
- Within the Convex runtime. The component is in early development and its own documentation says it is not recommended for production.
- Pydantic AI
Agent framework with durable-execution integrations
- Provides
- —
- Primitives
- Recoverable and Resumable, via the wrapped engine
- Notes
- Delegates durability to an engine. Seven integrations at the date above. Its own documentation separates durability from storage.
- LangGraph / LangSmith Deployment
Agent framework with checkpointing
- Provides
- —
- Primitives
- Resumable
- Notes
- LangChain now uses the term and ships durability modes. It is checkpoint-based: you configure the store, and something outside the run has to re-invoke the thread. Adequate for simpler cases. LangGraph Platform was renamed LangSmith Deployment in October 2025.
- CrewAI
Multi-agent framework
- Provides
- —
- Primitives
- Coordinated, by choreography; Resumable, by flow persistence
- Notes
- Flows persist state and reload it on restart. That is state persistence, not durable execution: no replay engine, no exactly-once side effects. A design choice, not a weakness.
Six questions before choosing an execution platform
- 01Does it provide durable workflows?
- 02Does it guarantee exactly-once execution semantics?
- 03Does it support long-running workflows, minutes to days?
- 04Does it show you workflow history and state?
- 05Does it fit your language and infrastructure?
- 06Does it have production reference customers?
Six yeses and the platform will serve you. One no and you will be building around it.
Disclosure
Technoidentity builds on Temporal daily and has a partner relationship with them. That is a reason to read this page carefully, and a reason we date it and take corrections. If a row is wrong, tell us which one and why. Corrections.
Corrections
22 September 2026
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Corrected the book's claim that the pilot-failure figure is consistent across three analysts. See sources.